Diabetic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes. If the blood sugar level of the individual is very high and insulin profoundly deficient, the body can not use glucose efficiently. Then the body starts to burn fat stores for food. How are you burning fat reserves, a by-product called ketones are released. It ketones which are responsible for reducing the pH of the body below 7.35. Metabolic acidosis occurs when the pH value of the body below 7.35. In diabetic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis the body tries to ketones excreted through the kidneys, which are solved to ketones in the urine, a term called ketonuria. However, together with the negative ketones, positively charged electrolytes are also excreted from the body. This leads to an imbalance in the electrolyte. The body continues to burn other stores of glucose in the body, such as proteins, resulting in nitrogen loss.Diabetic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis
Now the body of the electrolyte loss has. This can cause nausea and vomiting, depleting more electrolytes. The individual is now in a state of severe hyperglycemia and hypovolemic to. If these conditions are not treated, the person can succumb to hypovolemic shock, fell into a coma and die.
External
signs and symptoms of CAD are the following;. Eyeballs are soft and appear
sunken, skin turgor is poor, (dehydration of the tissue can be tested by
pinching the fold of skin in the breastbone If the skin stays in place or do
not waste your fast, then dehydration can be assumed.) Is the person very pale,
cold and damp, and shows deep, rapid breathing, an attempt by the body to
remove excess carbon dioxide. The person may also have severe abdominal pain
and tachycardia (heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.) Laboratory
diagnosis of arterial blood gases show a pH below 7.35, the level of blood
sugar over 250 mg / dl serum bicarbonate level less than 15 mmol / l, and urine
ketone.
Diabetic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis
- Interventions should be immediately to prevent irreversible destruction
of the organs of the body and prevent coma or death. Ensure a clear airway and
start by administering oxygen nasal cannula or mask. Make intravenous access
with a large bore needle (18-20 gauge). Start liquid stabilization with 0.9
Normal Saline. This is to support an isotonic fluid to pH of the body. The
purpose of using an isotonic infusion initially is to restore the blood
pressure was low and increase urine cleared 30-60ml/hr. When urine less than 30
ml / h, it can quickly lead to kidney failure. Liquids should continue for an
hour or until stabilization occurs. Next start insulin infusion at a rate of
drip or 0.1U/kg/hr. During this time, it is important to monitor vital signs of
the person every fifteen minutes until they stabilize for a few hours after the
start of treatment, or at least. If, potassium are required administered to
correct hypokalemia and metabolic diabetic
acidosis sodium bicarbonate to correct, if the pH is below 7.0. The person
must also ECG leads placed on the chest to monitor heart rate.
In diabetes
is at home and feel begin these physical signs and symptoms to appear, follow
these steps, call 911, check your blood sugar, insulin administer sliding
scale, drinking an electrolyte liquid (is say, sports drinks), breathing in a
paper bag, administer oxygen, if available, lie down, raise the feet with heart
and wait for the ambulance.
Preventive
measures to avoid DKA are constant monitoring of blood glucose with insulin
management protocol. The diabetic should avoid excessive food intake, and avoid
too much or too little insulin. Stressful situations in life can also lead to
increases in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the diabetic should more ready to
control your blood sugar during times of stress and how to manage insulin are
directed.
Understanding
the complications of diabetes may help diabetics take steps to prevent diabeticketoacidosis occurs, and help maintain a healthy life actions.
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